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< / style >
< / head >
< body class = "article" >
< div id = "header" >
< h1 > Laboratory Report - Cloud Computing & Services< / h1 >
< / div >
< div id = "content" >
< div id = "preamble" >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > < strong > < em > Authors< / em > < / strong > < / p >
< / div >
< table class = "tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch" >
< colgroup >
< col style = "width: 50%;" >
< col style = "width: 50%;" >
< / colgroup >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td class = "tableblock halign-left valign-top" > < p class = "tableblock" > Oulis Evangelos< / p > < / td >
< td class = "tableblock halign-left valign-top" > < p class = "tableblock" > < < a href = "mailto:cs151051@uniwa.gr" > cs151051@uniwa.gr< / a > > < / p > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td class = "tableblock halign-left valign-top" > < p class = "tableblock" > Katsimpras Drosos< / p > < / td >
< td class = "tableblock halign-left valign-top" > < p class = "tableblock" > < < a href = "mailto:cs131110@uniwa.gr" > cs131110@uniwa.gr< / a > > < / p > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td class = "tableblock halign-left valign-top" > < p class = "tableblock" > Oulis Nikolaos< / p > < / td >
< td class = "tableblock halign-left valign-top" > < p class = "tableblock" > < < a href = "mailto:cs161079@uniwa.gr" > cs161079@uniwa.gr< / a > > < / p > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td class = "tableblock halign-left valign-top" > < p class = "tableblock" > Kampoli Agathi< / p > < / td >
< td class = "tableblock halign-left valign-top" > < p class = "tableblock" > < < a href = "mailto:cs131031@uniwa.gr" > cs131031@uniwa.gr< / a > > < / p > < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_hadoop" > Hadoop< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Το Hadoop αποτελεί μία συλλογή από open-source βοηθητικά προγράμματα το αποία προσφέρουν
τα απαραίτητα εφόδια για την επίλυση προβλημάτων (υπολογιστικών προβλημάτων) τα οποία
διαθέτουν μεγάλο όγκο δεδομένων και υπολογισμών σε ένα πλέγμα υπολογιστών. Η κατάτμηση
των δεδομένων και η συνεργασία πολλών υπολογιστικών συστημάτων κάνει αυτό το framework
πολύ αποδοτικό ειδικά σε προβλήματα όπου τα δεδομένα είναι σε αυξημένη κλίμακα και οι
υπολογσιστικές πράξεις για μία ορισμένη επεξεργασία πολύπλοκες.< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_utilities" > Utilities< / h3 >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Το framework αποτελείται από ένα προγραμματισμένο μοντέλο < strong > Map Reduce< / strong > το οποίο αποτελείται
από ένα κατανεμημένο σύστημα αποθήκευσης (storage) και βασικές μεθόδους για την επεξεργασία δεδομένων
μεγάλης κλίμακας (Big Data Processing) μέσω του προγραμματισμένου μοντέλου.< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_why" > Why?< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Το hadoop έχει αναπτυχθεί για μεγάλα υπολογιστικά συστήματα (clusters) τα οποία αποτελούνται
από 2, 3 ακόμα και εκατοντάδες υπολογιστικές μηχανές. Το hadoop εξ' αρχής σχεδιάστηκε έτσι
ώστε να συνδυάζει το υλικό τέτοιων υπολογιστικών μηχανών (commodity hardware clusters), το οποίο μπορεί
να είναι απλό, με σκοπό την δυμιουργία παράλληλης επεξεργασίας και με μικρό κόστος στην αγορά του υλικού.< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_how" > How?< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Όλα τα κομμάτια του hadoop έχουν αναπτυχθεί με σκοπό την διαχείριση των σφαλμάτων του Hardware με
μηχανισμούς που ορίζει το Framework αυτόματα.< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_hadoop_description" > Hadoop Description< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Ο πυρήνας του hadoop αποτελείται από ένα μέρος που αφορά την αποθήκη των δεδομένων. Αυτή είναι γνωστή ως
< strong > Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)< / strong > , και το μέρος την υπολογιστικής επεξεργασίας δεδομένων και η διαμοίραση
της εργασίας σε όλους τους κόμβους της τοπολογίας που είναι γνωστό ως < strong > MapReduce programming Model< / strong > .< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_hadoop_destributed_file_system_hdfs" > Hadoop Destributed File System (HDFS)< / h3 >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Το HDFS αποτελείται από έναν κατανεμημένο χώρο αποθήκευσης ο οποίος
διαμοιράζεται από τις υπολογιστικές μηχανές ενός πλέγματος όπου το Hadoop διαχειρίζεται. Η κύρια
λειτουργία του είναι η κατάτμηση των αρχείων σε μεγάλα τμήματα (blocks) και η κατανομή αυτών
σε όλες τις μηχανές του πλέγματος (cluster).< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_hadoop_yarn" > Hadoop YARN< / h3 >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Έπειτα ο YARN αναλαμβάνει την διαμοίραση ενός τμήματος του
κώδικα ο οποίος είναι χρήσιμος για κάθε μηχανή, όπου τους δίνει τη δυνατότητα εφαρμογής ενός
συνόλου εντολών για την παράλληλη επεξεργασία των δεδομένων αντίστοιχα σε κάθε μηχανή. Αυτό δίνει
τη δυνατότητα στην κάθε μηχανή του πλέγματος να διαχειρίζεται το δικό της μέρος των δεδομένων σαν
να είναι στο τοπικό της σύστημα.< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Ο YARN ακόμα αναλαμβάνει την έναρξη της διεργασίας που αφορά την εφαρμογή σε επίπεδο κόμβου.< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_hadoop_mapreduce" > Hadoop MapReduce< / h3 >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Το προγραμματισμένο μοντέλο MapReduce αναλαμβάνει την συλλογή των αποτελεσμάτων κάθε κόμβου της
τοπολογίας και την δημιουργία της εξόδου. Η έξοδος κάθε κόμβου δρομολογείται σε ξεχωριστό αρχείο.< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_απόδοση_hadoop" > Απόδοση Hadoop< / h3 >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Αυτό επιτυγχάνει μεγάλες ταχύτητες στην επεξεργασία δεδομένων μεγάλης κλίμακας, και ακόμα ταχύτερη μπορεί
να γίνει όταν το δίκτυο το οποίο διέπει αυτό το πλέγμα προσφέρει μεγάλες ταχύτητες επικοινωνίες μεταξύ
των υπολογιστικών μηχανών.< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_hadoop_modules_συνοπτικά" > Hadoop Modules (Συνοπτικά)< / h3 >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Hadoop Common – contains libraries and utilities needed by other Hadoop modules,< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) – a distributed file-system that stores data on commodity machines, providing very high aggregate bandwidth across the cluster,
oyROEaFv0v< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Hadoop YARN – (introduced in 2012) a platform responsible for managing computing resources in clusters and using them for scheduling users' applications,< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Hadoop MapReduce – an implementation of the MapReduce programming model for large-scale data processing.< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_εγκατάσταση_και_εκτέλεση_μίας_clustered_hadoop_υπηρεσίας" > Εγκατάσταση και Εκτέλεση μίας Clustered Hadoop Υπηρεσίας< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_έλεγχος_του_cluster_μας" > Έλεγχος του Cluster μας< / h3 >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Για να πραγματοποιήσουμε έλεγχο του cluster μας θα εκτελέσμουμε την εντολή:< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "listingblock" >
< div class = "content" >
< pre class = "highlight" > < code class = "language-bash" data-lang = "bash" > docker node ls< / code > < / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > έτσι ώστε να πάρουμε σε μία λίστα την κατάσταση και την τοπολογία του cluster-kubernete (leader) καθώς
και την κατάσταση κάθε node (slave) του cluster.< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "listingblock" >
< div class = "content" >
< pre class = "highlight" > < code class = "language-txt" data-lang = "txt" > ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
gcnl3yrd9f8m3eiihdvssw02b * snf-12294 Ready Active Leader 19.03.8
kj7ymjntacu719r3wz10q71wy snf-12296 Ready Active 18.09.7
t7zdlnw882xxv1unel5mt2zij snf-12399 Ready Active 19.03.11
hublulhmmp42s9vhdp3pquyx2 snf-12418 Ready Active 19.03.8< / code > < / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_απαραίτητα_πακέτα_που_θα_χρειαστούν" > Απαραίτητα Πακέτα Που θα Χρειαστούν< / h3 >
< div class = "sect3" >
< h4 id = "_docker" > Docker< / h4 >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Το Docker είναι ένα σύνολο Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) προϊόντων που χρησιμοποιεί εικονικοποίηση σε επίπεδο
λειτουργικού συστήματος (OS-level virtualization) για την μεταφορά λογισμικού σε πακέτα τα οποία καλούνται
Containers. Τα Containers είναι απομονομένα το ένα από το άλλο και φέρουν το καθένα τα δικά του λογισμικά,
βιβλιοθήκες και αρχεία παραμετροποίησης (configuration files).< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Τα Containers μπορούν να επικοινωνήσουν μεταξύ διαμέσου καλά ορισμένων καναλιών. Όλα τα Containers
τρέχουν από ένα μόνο πυρήνα λειτουργικού συστήματος (Operating System kernel) και ως εκ' τούτου χρήζουν
λιγότερες απαιτήσεις στους πόρους ενός υπολογιστικού συστήματος σε σχέση με τα Virtual Machines.< / p >
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< p > Το λογισμικό που φυλοξενεί (hosts) πολλά Containers καλείται Docker Engine.< / p >
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< h4 id = "_docker_compose" > Docker Compose< / h4 >
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< p > Το Docker Compose είναι ένα εργαλείο το οποίο ορίζει/παραμετροποιεί και τρέχει ένα multi-container Docker application.
Για την χρήση αυτού του εργαλείου είναι υποχρεωτική η χρήση αρχείου YAML για την παραμετροποίηση μιας υπηρεσίας
μιας εφαρμογής. Έπειτα, με μία απλή εντολή μπορεί κανείς να δημιουργήσει και να εκκινήσει όλες της υπηρεσίες
που έχουν περιγραφεί σε αυτό το YAML αρχείο.< / p >
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< h4 id = "_github" > GitHub< / h4 >
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< p > Ακόμα θα πρέπει να έχουμε πρόσβαση στο GitHub. Αυτό προειποθέτει να έχουμε ένα Git client.< / p >
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< h3 id = "_setting_up_a_hadoop_cluster_using_docker" > Setting Up a Hadoop Cluster Using Docker< / h3 >
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< p > Για την εγκατάσταση του Hadoop σε ένα Docker, πρώτα απ' όλα χρειαζόμαστε μία εικόνα του Hadoop
(Hadoop Docker Image). Για την παραγωγή της εικόνας (Image), θα χρησιμοποιήσουμε έναν έτοιμο
πρότζεκτ το οποίο δίνεται από την βιβλιογραφεία ως < a href = "https://github.com/big-data-europe/docker-hadoop" > Big Data Europe< / a >
και είναι ανοιχτό στο GitHub.< / p >
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< pre class = "highlight" > < code class = "language-bash" data-lang = "bash" > git clone git@github.com:big-data-europe/docker-hadoop.git< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "_references" > References< / h2 >
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< p > [1] < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hadoop" > Hadoop General Description< / a > < / p >
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< p > [2] < a href = "https://clubhouse.io/developer-how-to/how-to-set-up-a-hadoop-cluster-in-docker/" > Setting Up Hadoop on a Cluster< / a > < / p >
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Last updated 2020-06-13 00:09:47 +0300
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