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928 lines
49 KiB
928 lines
49 KiB
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.5">
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<title>Secure IοT</title>
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</style>
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</head>
|
|
<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>Secure IοT</h1>
|
|
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
|
|
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel1">
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_1_περιγραφή_του_project">1.1. Περιγραφή του Project</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel3">
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_1_1_προαπαιτούμενα_για_επικοινωνία_client_server">1.1.1 Προαπαιτούμενα για επικοινωνία Client - Server</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_1_2_μεθοδολογία">1.1.2 Μεθοδολογία</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_1_3_δεδομένα_επικοινωνίας">1.1.3 Δεδομένα επικοινωνίας</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_1_4_δοκιμές">1.1.4 Δοκιμές</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_1_5_προβλήματα_που_παρουσιάστηκαν_κατά_την_υλοποίηση">1.1.5 Προβλήματα που παρουσιάστηκαν κατά την υλοποίηση</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_1_6_βελτιώσεις_αναβαθμίσεις">1.1.6 Βελτιώσεις / αναβαθμίσεις</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_1_7_συμπεράσματα">1.1.7 Συμπεράσματα</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_2_υλικό_που_χρησιμοποιήθηκε_κατά_την_υλοποίησή_του">1.2. Υλικό που χρησιμοποιήθηκε κατά την υλοποίησή του</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_3_συνδεσμολογία_σχηματικά">1.3. Συνδεσμολογία & Σχηματικά</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_4_εφαρμογή_android">1.4 Εφαρμογή Android</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_1_5_βιβλιογραφία">1.5 Βιβλιογραφία</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div id="preamble">
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Υπάρχουν πολλοί τρόποι για να ασφαλίσουμε μια επικοινωνία μέσω διαδικτύου, αλλά δεν θα λειτουργήσουν όλοι σε ένα μικροελεγκτή όπου η επεξεργαστική ισχύς και η μνήμη είναι περιορισμένη.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Το project περιλαμβάνει την δημιουργία ενός ασφαλούς και ελαφρού client/server πρωτοκόλλου το οποίο είναι ιδανικό για την εκτέλεση σε μικροελεγκτές.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Server → Συσκευή IoT η οποία λαμβάνει εντολές.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Client → Αποστολέας εντολών.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_1_1_περιγραφή_του_project">1.1. Περιγραφή του Project</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_1_1_1_προαπαιτούμενα_για_επικοινωνία_client_server">1.1.1 Προαπαιτούμενα για επικοινωνία Client - Server</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Αρχηκοποίηση παραμέτρων επικοινωνίας.</p>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Συμφωνία client - server για την αρχηκοποίηση των δεδομένων αφύπνησης (0-m).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Συμφωνία client - server για την αρχηκοποίηση των δεδομένων δοκιμασίας (1-n).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Χρήση της ίδιας function για την παραγωγή των hash.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Χρήση ίδιου μυστικού κωδικού για την επικοινωνία.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Χρήση κοινών ονομάτων εντολών.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Δημιουργία τυχαίου αριθμού (seed) για τη γεννήτρια τυχαίων αριθμών (Server).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Η IP και το Port number του Server πρέπει να είναι γνωστά στον Client.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_1_1_2_μεθοδολογία">1.1.2 Μεθοδολογία</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Σε ορισμένες βιβλιοθήκες, όπως αυτή που χρησιμοποιήθηκε στο project (Arduino Ethernet2 lib), χρειάζεται ο client να στείλει πρώτος δεδομένα αφού δημιουργηθεί η σύνδεση, διαφορετικά ο server δεν αντιλαμβάνεται το κανάλι επικοινωνίας που έχει δημιουργηθεί.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Client: Δημιουργεί ένα tcp socket μέσω του οποίου συνδέεται στον server. Στη συνέχεια στέλνει ένα συγκεκριμένο αριθμό από bytes προκειμένου να τον αφυπνήσει.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Server: Στέλνει στον Client (n) τυχαία bytes τα οποία θα χρησιμοποιηθούν για την δοκιμσία που πρέπει να λύσει επιτυχώς ο Client.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Client: Υπολογίζει και στέλνει το HMAC των δεδομένων που δέχτηκε (n bytes) + την εντολή που θέλει να στείλει στον server για εκτέλεση χρησιμοποιώντας τον μυστικό κωδικό, που μόνο ο server και o client γνωρίζουν.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Server: Ξεκινάει να υπολογίζει HMACs (με το μυστικό κωδικό) χρησιμοποιώντας τα n bytes που δημιούργησε + πιθανές εντολές, αλλάζοντας κάθε φορά μόνο την πιθανή προς εκτέλεση εντολή. Κάθε hash που δημιουργεί, το συγκρίνει με το hash που δέχθηκε από τον client και όταν παράξει το hash το οποίο έχει προκύψει από την εντολή που του έστειλε ο client, τότε θα ξέρει πως να ενεργήσει.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>[ Προαιρετικά: Κάθε εντολή που εκτελείται επιστρέφει έναν κωδικό. Ο server μπορεί να υπολογίσει το HMAC χρησιμοποιώντας τα n τυχαία bytes + τον κωδικό επιστροφής και να το στείλει στον client έτσι ώστε αυτός να μπορέσει το αποτέλεσμα εκτέλεσης. ]</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>[ Προαιρετικά: Για να βρει ο client ποια εντολή εκτελέστηκε, ακολουθεί την ίδια διαδικασία που πραγματοποιήθηκε στον server (όλοι οι κωδικοί απάντησης είναι γνωστοί). ]</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_1_1_3_δεδομένα_επικοινωνίας">1.1.3 Δεδομένα επικοινωνίας</h4>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/wireshark.png" alt="Arduino με ethernet shield" width="70%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Client: Στέλνει 0 έως m bytes.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Server: Στέλνει 1 έως n τυχαία bytes.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Client: Στέλνει HMAC των 256 bits. HMAC(bytes πρόκλησης + προς εκτέλεση εντολή, μυστικός κωδικός).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>[ Προαιρετικά: Ο server στέλνει HMAC των 256 bits. hmac( πρόκλησης + αποτέλεσμα εντολής, μυστικός κωδικός ) ]</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_1_1_4_δοκιμές">1.1.4 Δοκιμές</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<div class="title">Χρονικές αποκρίσεις</div>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Arduino pro mini (16Mhz)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>1η εντολή</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/time1.png" alt="time1" width="50%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>3η εντολή</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/time2.png" alt="time2" width="50%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Arduino pro mini (8Mhz)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>1η εντολή</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/time21.png" alt="time1" width="50%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>2η εντολή</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/time22.png" alt="time2" width="50%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>3η εντολή</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/time23.png" alt="time2" width="50%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect4">
|
|
<h5 id="_παρατηρήσεις">Παρατηρήσεις:</h5>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>Arduino 16Mhz -> 57ms/command
|
|
Arduino 8Mhz -> 114ms/command</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Διπλάσια συχνότητα = μισός χρόνος παραγωγής HMAC.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Η κάθε επιπλέον εντολή στη συλλογή των εντολών χρειάζεται σταθερό επιπλέον χρόνο μέχρι να αναγνωριστεί και να εκτελεστεί.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_1_1_5_προβλήματα_που_παρουσιάστηκαν_κατά_την_υλοποίηση">1.1.5 Προβλήματα που παρουσιάστηκαν κατά την υλοποίηση</h4>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Δεν υπήρχαν timeouts στην πρώτη υλοποίηση οπότε όταν στράφηκε προς τον έξω κόσμο για πρώτη φορά, σε τυχαία χρονικά διαστήματα, σταματούσε η αποδοχή νέων συνδέσεων.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Στην περίπτωση που η συσκευή εγκατασταθεί σε δίκτυο το οποίο δεν έχει σταθερή IP, θα πρέπει να υπάρχει διαδικασία ανανέωσης του DNS.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Η μνήμη του arduino έχει γεμίσει κατά 50-60% μόνο με τα βασικά libraries δικτύωσης, κρυπτογραφίας και του IoT πρωτοκόλλου.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_1_1_6_βελτιώσεις_αναβαθμίσεις">1.1.6 Βελτιώσεις / αναβαθμίσεις</h4>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Το arduino να ενημερώνει μόνο του το DNS σε περίπτωση δυναμικής IP.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Ικανότητα δημιουργίας OTP (One Time Passwords / κωδικοί μιας χρήσης) για την δυνατότητα εκτέλεσης εντολών χωρίς τη χρήση των κρυπτογραφικών συναρτήσεων του πρωτοκόλλου (απλά GET requests).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Αναβάθμιση του πρωτοκόλλου για δυνατότητα μεταφοράς μεγαλύτερου όγκου πληροφορίας (AES).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_1_1_7_συμπεράσματα">1.1.7 Συμπεράσματα</h4>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Υπέρ</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>- Όχι πολύπλοκο
|
|
- Ελάχιστες απαιτήσεις μνήμης*
|
|
- Ελάχιστη χρήση cpu*
|
|
- Γρήγορο**
|
|
- Αυθεντικοποίηση
|
|
- Εμπιστευτικότητα
|
|
- Replay protection
|
|
|
|
*με τη χρήση των σωστών hash functions
|
|
|
|
**όταν χρησιμοποιείται ένα μικρό ποσοστό εντολών</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Κατά</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>- Χρησιμοποιεί συμμετρική κρυπτογράφηση
|
|
- Δεν είναι σχεδιασμένο για να στέλνει πολλά bytes (1 byte commands recommended)
|
|
- Απαιτεί έναν τυχαίο αριθμό (seed)
|
|
- Όταν χρησιμοποιείται σε μικροελεγκτές είναι ευάλωτο σε DOS επιθέσεις (χρειάζεται firewall)</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
Υλοποιημένο σε Node.JS ως client, αλλά και σε android, με arduino pro mini με ethernet shield ως server.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_1_2_υλικό_που_χρησιμοποιήθηκε_κατά_την_υλοποίησή_του">1.2. Υλικό που χρησιμοποιήθηκε κατά την υλοποίησή του</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/ardu.jpg" alt="Arduino mini pro" width="50%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 1. Arduino mini pro.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/shield.jpg" alt="Ethernet shield" width="50%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 2. Ethernet shield for arduino.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/ethernetC.jpg" alt="Καλώδιο ethernet" width="50%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 3. Καλώδιο ethernet.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/1.jpg" alt="Door mechanism" width="70%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 4. Door mechanism.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/3.jpg" alt="Door mechanism" width="70%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 5. Door mechanism.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/4.jpg" alt="Arduino με ethernet shield" width="70%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 6. Arduino με ethernet shield.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/5.jpg" alt="Final overview" width="70%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 7. Final overview.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_1_3_συνδεσμολογία_σχηματικά">1.3. Συνδεσμολογία & Σχηματικά</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/ardushield.png" alt="Arduino & ethernet shield" width="100%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 8. Arduino & ethernet shield.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/arduscheme.png" alt="Arduino - door schematic" width="75%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 9. Arduino - door.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/2.jpg" alt="Συνδεσμολογία διπλής μπουτονιέρας" width="75%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 10. Συνδεσμολογία διπλής μπουτονιέρας.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_1_4_εφαρμογή_android">1.4 Εφαρμογή Android</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/android.png" alt="GUI" width="40%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 11. GUI.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="imageblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<img src="img/gui2.png" alt="Settings" width="40%">
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="title">Figure 12. Settings</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Setup εφαρμογής για επικοινωνία με τον server</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>[
|
|
{
|
|
"group": "Gate",
|
|
"actions": [
|
|
{
|
|
"action": "State",
|
|
"cmd": 0,
|
|
"url": "akamai.webhop.me:777",
|
|
"hmacKey": "supersecret",
|
|
"hashByteLength": 32,
|
|
"randDataLength": 100,
|
|
"responses": [
|
|
{
|
|
"value": "0x00",
|
|
"description": "Closed",
|
|
"color": "#FF0000"
|
|
}, {
|
|
"value": "0x01",
|
|
"description": "Open",
|
|
"color": "#00C110"
|
|
}, {
|
|
"value": "0x02",
|
|
"description": "Middle",
|
|
"color": "#E5BF00"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"repeat": null,
|
|
"type": "state"
|
|
}, {
|
|
"action": "Switch",
|
|
"cmd": 1,
|
|
"url": "akamai.webhop.me:777",
|
|
"hmacKey": "supersecret",
|
|
"hashByteLength": 32,
|
|
"randDataLength": 100,
|
|
"responses": [
|
|
{
|
|
"value": "0x00",
|
|
"description": "OK",
|
|
"color": "#000000"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"repeat": null,
|
|
"type": "feedback"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"group": "Gate Wifi",
|
|
"actions": [
|
|
{
|
|
"action": "State",
|
|
"cmd": 0,
|
|
"url": "192.168.0.6:777",
|
|
"hmacKey": "supersecret",
|
|
"hashByteLength": 32,
|
|
"randDataLength": 100,
|
|
"responses": [
|
|
{
|
|
"value": "0x00",
|
|
"description": "Closed",
|
|
"color": "#FF0000"
|
|
}, {
|
|
"value": "0x01",
|
|
"description": "Open",
|
|
"color": "#00C110"
|
|
}, {
|
|
"value": "0x02",
|
|
"description": "Middle",
|
|
"color": "#E5BF00"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"repeat": null,
|
|
"type": "state"
|
|
}, {
|
|
"action": "Switch",
|
|
"cmd": 1,
|
|
"url": "192.168.0.6:777",
|
|
"hmacKey": "supersecret",
|
|
"hashByteLength": 32,
|
|
"randDataLength": 100,
|
|
"responses": [
|
|
{
|
|
"value": "0x00",
|
|
"description": "OK",
|
|
"color": "#000000"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"repeat": null,
|
|
"type": "feedback"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_1_5_βιβλιογραφία">1.5 Βιβλιογραφία</h2>
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<p>Μπουρλέσης Κωνσταντίνος - 43862</p>
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<p>Δημοσθένης Καστρινάκης - 44119</p>
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<p><a href="https://git.swarmlab.io:3000/kasdimos/Ergasia_Secure_IoT" class="bare">https://git.swarmlab.io:3000/kasdimos/Ergasia_Secure_IoT</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://git.swarmlab.io:3000/kasdimos/SecureIot_AndroidClient" class="bare">https://git.swarmlab.io:3000/kasdimos/SecureIot_AndroidClient</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://git.swarmlab.io:3000/kasdimos/SecureIoT_ArduinoServer" class="bare">https://git.swarmlab.io:3000/kasdimos/SecureIoT_ArduinoServer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://git.swarmlab.io:3000/kasdimos/SecureIoT_NodeJSClient" class="bare">https://git.swarmlab.io:3000/kasdimos/SecureIoT_NodeJSClient</a></p>
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<img src="img/cover1.jpg" alt="credits" width="40%">
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Last updated 2020-01-22 06:05:12 EET
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