The syntax for the ls command is as follows:

[source,bash]
----
ls [OPTIONS] [FILES]
----

When used with no options and arguments, *ls* displays a list of the names of all files in the

[source,bash]
----
bin   cdrom  dev  home lib64 media  opt   root  sbin  srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  initrd.img  lib mnt    proc  run   snap  sys  usr
----

Long Listing Format 

The -l option causes ls to print files in a long listing format.

When the long listing format is used, the ls command will display the following file information:


[source,bash]
----
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Jul 24 14:45 home
-rwxr-xr--   1 root root 4096 Jul 24 14:45 home/text
----

-    The file type
-- – file
-- d directory
-- l symbolic link

-    The file permissions

--  The characters are pretty easy to remember.
--- r = read permission
--- w = write permission
--- x = execute permission
--- - = no permission 

*file permissions in a three-digit octal number*

[source,bash]
----
Number 	Permission Type 	Symbol
0 	No Permission 	        ---
1 	Execute 	        --x
2 	Write 	                -w-
3 	Execute + Write 	-wx
4 	Read 	                r--
5 	Read + Execute 	        r-x
6 	Read +Write 	        rw-
7 	Read + Write +Execute 	rwx
----

-    File owner
-    File group
-    File size
-    Date and Time
-    File name