IoT/Intro-Arduino.adoc

= Εισαγωγή στο Διαδίκτυο των Αντικειμένων !
Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io
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:description: IoT  Arduino Uno
:keywords: iot, swarm, Arduino
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Το Arduino είναι ένας μικροελεγκτής μονής πλακέτας, δηλαδή μια απλή μητρική πλακέτα ανοικτού κώδικα με ενσωματωμένο μικροελεγκτή και εισόδους/εξόδους, η οποία μπορεί να προγραμματιστεί με τη γλώσσα Wiring (ουσιαστικά πρόκειται για τη γλώσσα προγραμματισμού C++ και ένα σύνολο από βιβλιοθήκες, υλοποιημένες επίσης στην C++ ). Το Arduino μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την ανάπτυξη ανεξάρτητων διαδραστικών αντικειμένων αλλά και να συνδεθεί με υπολογιστή μέσω προγραμμάτων σε Processing, Max/MSP, Pure Data, SuperCollider. Οι περισσότερες εκδόσεις του Arduino μπορούν να αγοραστούν προ-συναρμολογημένες· το διάγραμμα και πληροφορίες για το υλικό είναι ελεύθερα διαθέσιμα για αυτούς που θέλουν να συναρμολογήσουν το Arduino μόνοι τους. 


Wikipedia(EL) +  
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino[^]

Wikipedia(EN) +  
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino[^]

[[cheat-HowTo]]
== How to use Arduino Board

The 14 digital input/output pins can be used as input or output pins by using pinMode(), digitalRead() and digitalWrite() functions in arduino programming. Each pin operate at 5V and can provide or receive a maximum of 40mA current, and has an internal pull-up resistor of 20-50 KOhms which are disconnected by default.  Out of these 14 pins, some pins have specific functions as listed below:

    Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx): Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial data. They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.
    External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3: These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
    PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11: These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using analogWrite() function.
    SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK): These pins are used for SPI communication.
    In-built LED Pin 13: This pin is connected with an built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH – LED is on and when pin 13 is LOW, its off.

Along with 14 Digital pins, there are 6 analog input pins, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution, i.e. 1024 different values. They measure from 0 to 5 volts but this limit can be increased by using AREF pin with analog Reference() function.  

    Analog pin 4 (SDA) and pin 5 (SCA) also used for TWI communication using Wire library.

Arduino Uno has a couple of other pins as explained below:

    AREF: Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with analogReference() function.
    Reset Pin: Making this pin LOW, resets the microcontroller.

== Communication

Arduino can be used to communicate with a computer, another Arduino board or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328P microcontroller provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication which can be done using digital pin 0 (Rx) and digital pin 1 (Tx). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The ATmega16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. There are two RX and TX LEDs on the arduino board which will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer (not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins. The ATmega328P also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus.

== Programming Arduino

Once arduino IDE is installed on the computer, connect the board with computer using USB cable. Now open the arduino IDE and choose the correct board by selecting Tools>Boards>Arduino/Genuino Uno, and choose the correct Port by selecting Tools>Port. Arduino Uno is programmed using Arduino programming language based on Wiring. To get it started with Arduino Uno board and blink the built-in LED, load the example code by selecting Files>Examples>Basics>Blink. Once the example code (also shown below) is loaded into your IDE, click on the ‘upload’ button given on the top bar. Once the upload is finished, you should see the Arduino’s built-in LED blinking.  Below is the example code for blinking:

```
// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
  // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);    // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
```




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'''

.Reminder
[NOTE]
====
:hardbreaks:
Caminante, no hay camino, 
se hace camino al andar.

Wanderer, there is no path, 
the path is made by walking.

*Antonio Machado* Campos de Castilla
====