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= procfs ! |
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Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io |
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// Metadata: |
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:description: Intro |
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:keywords: procfs |
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:data-uri: |
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:toc: right |
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:toc-title: Πίνακας περιεχομένων |
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:toclevels: 4 |
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:source-highlighter: highlight |
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:icons: font |
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.procfs |
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**** |
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The proc filesystem (*procfs*) is a special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, |
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*providing* a more convenient and *standardized method for dynamically accessing process* data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory. |
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Typically |
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- it is mapped to a mount point named /proc at boot time. |
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- The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures in the kernel. |
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- It can be used to obtain information about the system and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime (sysctl). |
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**** |
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== The /proc Filesystem |
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NOTE: The proc filesystem provides a method of communication between *kernel space* and *user space*. For example, the GNU version of the process reporting utility *ps* uses the proc file system to obtain its data, without using any specialized system calls. |
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The directory /proc contains (among other things) one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). |
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The link ‘self’ points to the process reading the file system. Each process subdirectory has the entries listed in: ls /proc/<pid> |
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[source,bash] |
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---- |
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cat /proc/meminfo |
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MemTotal: 8174328 kB |
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MemFree: 6186516 kB |
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MemAvailable: 7535332 kB |
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Buffers: 146740 kB |
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Cached: 1294156 kB |
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SwapCached: 0 kB |
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Active: 967184 kB |
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Inactive: 606252 kB |
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Active(anon): 135620 kB |
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Inactive(anon): 85064 kB |
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Active(file): 831564 kB |
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Inactive(file): 521188 kB |
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Unevictable: 3652 kB |
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Mlocked: 3652 kB |
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SwapTotal: 0 kB |
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SwapFree: 0 kB |
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Dirty: 68 kB |
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Writeback: 0 kB |
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AnonPages: 136188 kB |
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Mapped: 113344 kB |
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Shmem: 85724 kB |
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Slab: 340236 kB |
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SReclaimable: 302048 kB |
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SUnreclaim: 38188 kB |
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KernelStack: 3792 kB |
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PageTables: 4888 kB |
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NFS_Unstable: 0 kB |
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Bounce: 0 kB |
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WritebackTmp: 0 kB |
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CommitLimit: 4087164 kB |
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Committed_AS: 901432 kB |
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VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB |
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VmallocUsed: 0 kB |
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VmallocChunk: 0 kB |
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HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB |
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AnonHugePages: 51200 kB |
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CmaTotal: 0 kB |
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CmaFree: 0 kB |
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... |
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---- |
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.Main entries in /proc |
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[options="header,footer"] |
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|======================= |
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|File|Content |
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| /proc/cmdline | – Kernel command line information. |
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| /proc/console | – Information about current consoles including tty. |
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| /proc/crypto | - a list of available cryptographic modules |
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| /proc/devices | – Device drivers currently configured for the running kernel. |
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| /proc/diskstats | - giving some information (including device numbers) for each of the logical disk devices |
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| /proc/dma | – Info about current DMA channels. |
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| /proc/fb | – Framebuffer devices. |
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| /proc/filesystems | – Current filesystems supported by the kernel. |
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| /proc/interrupts, /proc/iomem, /proc/ioports and the directory /proc/irq | - giving some self-explanatory details about the devices (physical or logical) using the various system resources |
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| /proc/iomem | – Current system memory map for devices. |
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| /proc/ioports | – Registered port regions for input output communication with device. |
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| /proc/loadavg | – System load average. |
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| /proc/locks | – Files currently locked by kernel. |
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| /proc/meminfo | – Info about system memory (see above example). |
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| /proc/misc | – Miscellaneous drivers registered for miscellaneous major device. |
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| /proc/modules | - one of the most important files in /proc, containing a list of the kernel modules currently loaded . It gives some indication (not always entirely correct) of dependencies. |
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| /proc/mounts | – List of all mounts in use by system. |
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| /proc/mounts | - a symlink to self/mounts which contains a list of the currently mounted devices and their mount points (and which file system is in use and what mount options are in use). |
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| /proc/net | - a directory containing useful information about the network stack, in particular /proc/net/nf_conntrack, which lists existing network connections (particularly useful for tracking routing when iptables FORWARD is used to redirect network connections) |
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| /proc/partitions | – Detailed info about partitions available to the system. |
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| /proc/pci | – Information about every PCI device. |
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| /proc/stat | – Record or various statistics kept from last reboot. |
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| /proc/swap | – Information about swap space. |
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| /proc/scsi | - giving information about any devices connected via a SCSI or RAID controller |
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| /proc/sysvipc | - containing memory-sharing and inter-process communication (IPC) information. |
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| /proc/tty | - containing information about the current terminals; /proc/tty/driver looks to be[original research?] a list of the different types of tty available - each of which is a list of those of each type |
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| /proc/uptime | – Uptime information (in seconds). |
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| /proc/version | – Kernel version, gcc version, and Linux distribution installed. |
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|======================= |
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== cpu info |
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[source,bash] |
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---- |
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cat /proc/cpuinfo |
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processor : 0 |
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vendor_id : AuthenticAMD |
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cpu family : 16 |
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model : 6 |
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model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor |
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stepping : 3 |
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microcode : 0x10000c8 |
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cpu MHz : 2000.000 |
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cache size : 1024 KB |
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... |
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processor : 1 |
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vendor_id : AuthenticAMD |
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cpu family : 16 |
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model : 6 |
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model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor |
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stepping : 3 |
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microcode : 0x10000c8 |
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cpu MHz : 800.000 |
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cache size : 1024 KB |
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---- |
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<!DOCTYPE html> |
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<html lang="en"> |
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.10"> |
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<meta name="description" content="Intro"> |
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<meta name="keywords" content="procfs"> |
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<meta name="author" content="Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io"> |
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<title>procfs !</title> |
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> |
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</head> |
||||
|
<body class="article toc2 toc-right"> |
||||
|
<div id="header"> |
||||
|
<h1>procfs !</h1> |
||||
|
<div class="details"> |
||||
|
<span id="author" class="author">Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io</span><br> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div id="toc" class="toc2"> |
||||
|
<div id="toctitle">Πίνακας περιεχομένων</div> |
||||
|
<ul class="sectlevel1"> |
||||
|
<li><a href="#_the_proc_filesystem">1. The /proc Filesystem</a></li> |
||||
|
<li><a href="#_cpu_info">2. cpu info</a></li> |
||||
|
</ul> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div id="content"> |
||||
|
<div id="preamble"> |
||||
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p><br></p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="sidebarblock"> |
||||
|
<div class="content"> |
||||
|
<div class="title">procfs</div> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p>The proc filesystem (<strong>procfs</strong>) is a special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, |
||||
|
<strong>providing</strong> a more convenient and <strong>standardized method for dynamically accessing process</strong> data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory.</p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p>Typically</p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="ulist"> |
||||
|
<ul> |
||||
|
<li> |
||||
|
<p>it is mapped to a mount point named /proc at boot time.</p> |
||||
|
</li> |
||||
|
<li> |
||||
|
<p>The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures in the kernel.</p> |
||||
|
</li> |
||||
|
<li> |
||||
|
<p>It can be used to obtain information about the system and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime (sysctl).</p> |
||||
|
</li> |
||||
|
</ul> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="sect1"> |
||||
|
<h2 id="_the_proc_filesystem">1. The /proc Filesystem</h2> |
||||
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
||||
|
<div class="admonitionblock note"> |
||||
|
<table> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="icon"> |
||||
|
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
||||
|
</td> |
||||
|
<td class="content"> |
||||
|
The proc filesystem provides a method of communication between <strong>kernel space</strong> and <strong>user space</strong>. For example, the GNU version of the process reporting utility <strong>ps</strong> uses the proc file system to obtain its data, without using any specialized system calls. |
||||
|
</td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
</table> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p>The directory /proc contains (among other things) one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID).</p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p>The link ‘self’ points to the process reading the file system. Each process subdirectory has the entries listed in: ls /proc/<pid></p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
||||
|
<div class="content"> |
||||
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cat /proc/meminfo |
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
MemTotal: 8174328 kB |
||||
|
MemFree: 6186516 kB |
||||
|
MemAvailable: 7535332 kB |
||||
|
Buffers: 146740 kB |
||||
|
Cached: 1294156 kB |
||||
|
SwapCached: 0 kB |
||||
|
Active: 967184 kB |
||||
|
Inactive: 606252 kB |
||||
|
Active(anon): 135620 kB |
||||
|
Inactive(anon): 85064 kB |
||||
|
Active(file): 831564 kB |
||||
|
Inactive(file): 521188 kB |
||||
|
Unevictable: 3652 kB |
||||
|
Mlocked: 3652 kB |
||||
|
SwapTotal: 0 kB |
||||
|
SwapFree: 0 kB |
||||
|
Dirty: 68 kB |
||||
|
Writeback: 0 kB |
||||
|
AnonPages: 136188 kB |
||||
|
Mapped: 113344 kB |
||||
|
Shmem: 85724 kB |
||||
|
Slab: 340236 kB |
||||
|
SReclaimable: 302048 kB |
||||
|
SUnreclaim: 38188 kB |
||||
|
KernelStack: 3792 kB |
||||
|
PageTables: 4888 kB |
||||
|
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB |
||||
|
Bounce: 0 kB |
||||
|
WritebackTmp: 0 kB |
||||
|
CommitLimit: 4087164 kB |
||||
|
Committed_AS: 901432 kB |
||||
|
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB |
||||
|
VmallocUsed: 0 kB |
||||
|
VmallocChunk: 0 kB |
||||
|
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB |
||||
|
AnonHugePages: 51200 kB |
||||
|
CmaTotal: 0 kB |
||||
|
CmaFree: 0 kB |
||||
|
|
||||
|
...</code></pre> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
||||
|
<caption class="title">Table 1. Main entries in /proc</caption> |
||||
|
<colgroup> |
||||
|
<col style="width: 50%;"> |
||||
|
<col style="width: 50%;"> |
||||
|
</colgroup> |
||||
|
<thead> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">File</th> |
||||
|
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Content</th> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
</thead> |
||||
|
<tbody> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/cmdline</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Kernel command line information.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/console</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Information about current consoles including tty.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/crypto</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- a list of available cryptographic modules</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/devices</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Device drivers currently configured for the running kernel.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/diskstats</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- giving some information (including device numbers) for each of the logical disk devices</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/dma</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Info about current DMA channels.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/fb</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Framebuffer devices.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/filesystems</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Current filesystems supported by the kernel.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/interrupts, /proc/iomem, /proc/ioports and the directory /proc/irq</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- giving some self-explanatory details about the devices (physical or logical) using the various system resources</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/iomem</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Current system memory map for devices.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/ioports</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Registered port regions for input output communication with device.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/loadavg</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– System load average.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/locks</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Files currently locked by kernel.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/meminfo</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Info about system memory (see above example).</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/misc</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Miscellaneous drivers registered for miscellaneous major device.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/modules</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- one of the most important files in /proc, containing a list of the kernel modules currently loaded . It gives some indication (not always entirely correct) of dependencies.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/mounts</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– List of all mounts in use by system.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/mounts</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- a symlink to self/mounts which contains a list of the currently mounted devices and their mount points (and which file system is in use and what mount options are in use).</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/net</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- a directory containing useful information about the network stack, in particular /proc/net/nf_conntrack, which lists existing network connections (particularly useful for tracking routing when iptables FORWARD is used to redirect network connections)</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/partitions</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Detailed info about partitions available to the system.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/pci</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Information about every PCI device.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/stat</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Record or various statistics kept from last reboot.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/swap</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Information about swap space.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/scsi</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- giving information about any devices connected via a SCSI or RAID controller</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/sysvipc</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- containing memory-sharing and inter-process communication (IPC) information.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/tty</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- containing information about the current terminals; /proc/tty/driver looks to be[original research?] a list of the different types of tty available - each of which is a list of those of each type</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/uptime</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Uptime information (in seconds).</p></td> |
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|
</tr> |
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|
</tbody> |
||||
|
<tfoot> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/version</p></td> |
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|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Kernel version, gcc version, and Linux distribution installed.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
</tfoot> |
||||
|
</table> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="sect1"> |
||||
|
<h2 id="_cpu_info">2. cpu info</h2> |
||||
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
||||
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
||||
|
<div class="content"> |
||||
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cat /proc/cpuinfo |
||||
|
|
||||
|
processor : 0 |
||||
|
vendor_id : AuthenticAMD |
||||
|
cpu family : 16 |
||||
|
model : 6 |
||||
|
model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor |
||||
|
stepping : 3 |
||||
|
microcode : 0x10000c8 |
||||
|
cpu MHz : 2000.000 |
||||
|
cache size : 1024 KB |
||||
|
... |
||||
|
processor : 1 |
||||
|
vendor_id : AuthenticAMD |
||||
|
cpu family : 16 |
||||
|
model : 6 |
||||
|
model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor |
||||
|
stepping : 3 |
||||
|
microcode : 0x10000c8 |
||||
|
cpu MHz : 800.000 |
||||
|
cache size : 1024 KB</code></pre> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div id="footer"> |
||||
|
<div id="footer-text"> |
||||
|
Last updated 2020-10-26 11:20:14 UTC |
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|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
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|
</body> |
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|
</html> |
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