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876 lines
45 KiB
876 lines
45 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="Intro and Install">
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<meta name="keywords" content="sec, tcpdump">
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<meta name="author" content="Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io">
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<title>Network analysis !</title>
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</head>
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<body class="article toc2 toc-right">
|
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<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>Network analysis !</h1>
|
|
<div class="details">
|
|
<span id="author" class="author">Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io</span><br>
|
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</div>
|
|
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
|
|
<div id="toctitle">Πίνακας περιεχομένων</div>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel1">
|
|
<li><a href="#cheat-Docker">1. Install docker (Home PC)</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_basic">2. Basic</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel2">
|
|
<li><a href="#_everything_on_an_interface">2.1. Everything on an interface</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_find_traffic_by_ip">2.2. Find Traffic by IP</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_filtering_by_source_andor_destination">2.3. Filtering by Source and/or Destination</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_finding_packets_by_network">2.4. Finding Packets by Network</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_show_traffic_related_to_a_specific_port">2.5. Show Traffic Related to a Specific Port</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_show_traffic_of_one_protocol">2.6. Show Traffic of One Protocol</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_reading_writing_captures_to_a_file_pcap">2.7. Reading / Writing Captures to a File (pcap)</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_advanced">3. Advanced</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel2">
|
|
<li><a href="#_from_specific_ip_and_destined_for_a_specific_port">3.1. From specific IP and destined for a specific Port</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_from_one_network_to_another">3.2. From One Network to Another</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_isolate_tcp_flags">3.3. Isolate TCP Flags</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel3">
|
|
<li><a href="#_isolate_tcp_rst_flags">3.3.1. Isolate TCP RST flags.</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_isolate_tcp_syn_flags">3.3.2. Isolate TCP SYN flags.</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_isolate_packets_that_have_both_the_syn_and_ack_flags_set">3.3.3. Isolate packets that have both the SYN and ACK flags set.</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_isolate_tcp_urg_flags">3.3.4. Isolate TCP URG flags.</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_isolate_tcp_ack_flags">3.3.5. Isolate TCP ACK flags.</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_isolate_tcp_psh_flags">3.3.6. Isolate TCP PSH flags.</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_isolate_tcp_fin_flags">3.3.7. Isolate TCP FIN flags.</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_find_traffic_with_evil_bit">3.4. Find Traffic With Evil Bit</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_summary">3.5. Summary</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#_how_to_use_tcpdump">Appendix A: How to use tcpdump</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
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</div>
|
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<div id="content">
|
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<div id="preamble">
|
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p><br></p>
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</div>
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</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="cheat-Docker">1. Install docker (Home PC)</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>HowTo: See <a href="http://docs.swarmlab.io/SwarmLab-HowTos/labs/Howtos/docker/install.adoc.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="title">NOTE</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Assuming you’re already logged in</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><strong>tcpdump</strong> is a common packet analyzer that runs under the command line. It allows the user to display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the computer is attached. Distributed under the BSD license, tcpdump is free software.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcpdump">More: wikipedia</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_basic">2. Basic</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_everything_on_an_interface">2.1. Everything on an interface</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Just see what’s going on, by looking at what’s hitting your interface.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump -i eth0</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_find_traffic_by_ip">2.2. Find Traffic by IP</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>One of the most common queries, using host, you can see traffic that’s going to or from 1.1.1.1.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump host 1.1.1.1</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_filtering_by_source_andor_destination">2.3. Filtering by Source and/or Destination</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you only want to see traffic in one direction or the other, you can use src and dst.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump src 1.1.1.1
|
|
tcpdump dst 1.0.0.1</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_finding_packets_by_network">2.4. Finding Packets by Network</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To find packets going to or from a particular network or subnet, use the net option.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump net 1.2.3.0/24</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_show_traffic_related_to_a_specific_port">2.5. Show Traffic Related to a Specific Port</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can find specific port traffic by using the port option followed by the port number.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump port 3389
|
|
tcpdump src port 1025</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_show_traffic_of_one_protocol">2.6. Show Traffic of One Protocol</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you’re looking for one particular kind of traffic, you can use tcp, udp, icmp, and many others as well.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump icmp</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_reading_writing_captures_to_a_file_pcap">2.7. Reading / Writing Captures to a File (pcap)</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It’s often useful to save packet captures into a file for analysis in the future. These files are known as PCAP (PEE-cap) files, and they can be processed by hundreds of different applications, including network analyzers, intrusion detection systems, and of course by tcpdump itself. Here we’re writing to a file called capture_file using the -w switch.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump port 80 -w capture_file</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_advanced">3. Advanced</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Now that we’ve seen what we can do with the basics through some examples, let’s look at some more advanced stuff.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="title">More options</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"> -X : Show the packet’s contents in both hex and ASCII.
|
|
-XX : Same as -X, but also shows the ethernet header.
|
|
-D : Show the list of available interfaces
|
|
-l : Line-readable output (for viewing as you save, or sending to other commands)
|
|
-q : Be less verbose (more quiet) with your output.
|
|
-t : Give human-readable timestamp output.
|
|
-tttt : Give maximally human-readable timestamp output.
|
|
-i eth0 : Listen on the eth0 interface.
|
|
-vv : Verbose output (more v’s gives more output).
|
|
-c : Only get x number of packets and then stop.
|
|
-s : Define the snaplength (size) of the capture in bytes. Use -s0 to get everything, unless you are intentionally capturing less.
|
|
-S : Print absolute sequence numbers.
|
|
-e : Get the ethernet header as well.
|
|
-q : Show less protocol information.
|
|
-E : Decrypt IPSEC traffic by providing an encryption key.</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It’s All About the Combinations</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Being able to do these various things individually is powerful, but the real magic of tcpdump comes from the ability to combine options in creative ways in order to isolate exactly what you’re looking for. There are three ways to do combinations, and if you’ve studied programming at all they’ll be pretty familiar to you.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>AND</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>and or &&</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>OR</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>or or ||</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>EXCEPT</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>not or !</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_from_specific_ip_and_destined_for_a_specific_port">3.1. From specific IP and destined for a specific Port</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Let’s find all traffic from 10.5.2.3 going to any host on port 3389.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump -nnvvS src 10.5.2.3 and dst port 3389</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_from_one_network_to_another">3.2. From One Network to Another</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Let’s look for all traffic coming from 192.168.x.x and going to the 10.x or 172.16.x.x networks, and we’re showing hex output with no hostname resolution and one level of extra verbosity.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump -nvX src net 192.168.0.0/16 and dst net 10.0.0.0/8 or 172.16.0.0/16</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_isolate_tcp_flags">3.3. Isolate TCP Flags</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can also use filters to isolate packets with specific TCP flags set.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_isolate_tcp_rst_flags">3.3.1. Isolate TCP RST flags.</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The filters below find these various packets because tcp[13] looks at offset 13 in the TCP header, the number represents the location within the byte, and the !=0 means that the flag in question is set to 1, i.e. it’s on.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 4!=0'
|
|
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-rst'</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_isolate_tcp_syn_flags">3.3.2. Isolate TCP SYN flags.</h4>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 2!=0'
|
|
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-syn'</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_isolate_packets_that_have_both_the_syn_and_ack_flags_set">3.3.3. Isolate packets that have both the SYN and ACK flags set.</h4>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump 'tcp[13]=18'</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Only the PSH, RST, SYN, and FIN flags are displayed in tcpdump‘s flag field output. URGs and ACKs are displayed, but they are shown elsewhere in the output rather than in the flags field.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_isolate_tcp_urg_flags">3.3.4. Isolate TCP URG flags.</h4>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 32!=0'
|
|
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-urg'</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_isolate_tcp_ack_flags">3.3.5. Isolate TCP ACK flags.</h4>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 16!=0'
|
|
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-ack'</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_isolate_tcp_psh_flags">3.3.6. Isolate TCP PSH flags.</h4>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 8!=0'
|
|
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-psh'</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_isolate_tcp_fin_flags">3.3.7. Isolate TCP FIN flags.</h4>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 1!=0'
|
|
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-fin'</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_find_traffic_with_evil_bit">3.4. Find Traffic With Evil Bit</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>There’s a bit in the IP header that never gets set by legitimate applications, which we call the “Evil Bit”. Here’s a fun filter to find packets where it’s been toggled.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">tcpdump 'ip[6] & 128 != 0'</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_summary">3.5. Summary</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Here are the takeaways.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><strong>tcpdump</strong> is a valuable tool for anyone looking to get into networking or <strong>information security</strong>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The raw way it interfaces with traffic, combined with the precision it offers in inspecting packets make <strong>it the best possible tool</strong> for learning TCP/IP.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Protocol Analyzers like <strong>Wireshark</strong> are great, but if you want to truly master <strong>packet-fu</strong>, you must become one with tcpdump</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_how_to_use_tcpdump">Appendix A: How to use tcpdump</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This exercise will show you how to isolate traffic in various ways—from IP, to port, to protocol, to application-layer traffic—to make sure you find exactly what you need as quickly as possible.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><a href="https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump">Origin</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="title">Reminder</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Caminante, no hay camino,<br>
|
|
se hace camino al andar.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Wanderer, there is no path,<br>
|
|
the path is made by walking.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><strong>Antonio Machado</strong> Campos de Castilla</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2020-10-21 09:59:54 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|