zeus
4 years ago
7 changed files with 303 additions and 4 deletions
@ -1 +1 @@ |
|||||
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=""><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>Vue App</title><link href="/css/app.4c7338ef.css" rel="preload" as="style"><link href="/css/chunk-vendors.77230762.css" rel="preload" as="style"><link href="/js/app.7dfd92d7.js" rel="preload" as="script"><link href="/js/chunk-vendors.087c2695.js" rel="preload" as="script"><link href="/css/chunk-vendors.77230762.css" rel="stylesheet"><link href="/css/app.4c7338ef.css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><div id="app"></div><script src="/js/chunk-vendors.087c2695.js"></script><script src="/js/app.7dfd92d7.js"></script></body></html> |
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=""><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>Vue App</title><link href="/css/app.4c7338ef.css" rel="preload" as="style"><link href="/css/chunk-vendors.77230762.css" rel="preload" as="style"><link href="/js/app.c7cf9ac6.js" rel="preload" as="script"><link href="/js/chunk-vendors.087c2695.js" rel="preload" as="script"><link href="/css/chunk-vendors.77230762.css" rel="stylesheet"><link href="/css/app.4c7338ef.css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><div id="app"></div><script src="/js/chunk-vendors.087c2695.js"></script><script src="/js/app.c7cf9ac6.js"></script></body></html> |
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
@ -0,0 +1,298 @@ |
|||||
|
<!DOCTYPE html> |
||||
|
<html lang="en"> |
||||
|
<head> |
||||
|
<meta charset="UTF-8"> |
||||
|
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> |
||||
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> |
||||
|
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.12"> |
||||
|
<meta name="description" content="Intro and Install"> |
||||
|
<meta name="keywords" content="Linux, apt"> |
||||
|
<meta name="author" content="Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io"> |
||||
|
<title>An Introduction to Linux !</title> |
||||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/asciidoctor.js/1.5.9/css/asciidoctor.min.css"> |
||||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.14.0/css/all.min.css"> |
||||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.18.3/styles/github.min.css"> |
||||
|
</head> |
||||
|
<body class="article toc2 toc-right"> |
||||
|
<div id="header"> |
||||
|
<h1>An Introduction to Linux !</h1> |
||||
|
<div class="details"> |
||||
|
<span id="author" class="author">Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io</span><br> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div id="toc" class="toc2"> |
||||
|
<div id="toctitle">Table of contents</div> |
||||
|
<ul class="sectlevel1"> |
||||
|
<li><a href="#_the_proc_filesystem">1. The /proc Filesystem</a></li> |
||||
|
<li><a href="#_cpu_info">2. cpu info</a></li> |
||||
|
</ul> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div id="content"> |
||||
|
<div id="preamble"> |
||||
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
||||
|
<div class="sidebarblock"> |
||||
|
<div class="content"> |
||||
|
<div class="title">procfs</div> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p>The proc filesystem (<strong>procfs</strong>) is a special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, |
||||
|
<strong>providing</strong> a more convenient and <strong>standardized method for dynamically accessing process</strong> data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory.</p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p>Typically</p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="ulist"> |
||||
|
<ul> |
||||
|
<li> |
||||
|
<p>it is mapped to a mount point named /proc at boot time.</p> |
||||
|
</li> |
||||
|
<li> |
||||
|
<p>The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures in the kernel.</p> |
||||
|
</li> |
||||
|
<li> |
||||
|
<p>It can be used to obtain information about the system and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime (sysctl).</p> |
||||
|
</li> |
||||
|
</ul> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="sect1"> |
||||
|
<h2 id="_the_proc_filesystem">1. The /proc Filesystem</h2> |
||||
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
||||
|
<div class="admonitionblock note"> |
||||
|
<table> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="icon"> |
||||
|
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
||||
|
</td> |
||||
|
<td class="content"> |
||||
|
The proc filesystem provides a method of communication between <strong>kernel space</strong> and <strong>user space</strong>. For example, the GNU version of the process reporting utility <strong>ps</strong> uses the proc file system to obtain its data, without using any specialized system calls. |
||||
|
</td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
</table> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p>The directory /proc contains (among other things) one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID).</p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="paragraph"> |
||||
|
<p>The link ‘self’ points to the process reading the file system. Each process subdirectory has the entries listed in: ls /proc/<pid></p> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
||||
|
<div class="content"> |
||||
|
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-bash hljs" data-lang="bash">cat /proc/meminfo |
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
MemTotal: 8174328 kB |
||||
|
MemFree: 6186516 kB |
||||
|
MemAvailable: 7535332 kB |
||||
|
Buffers: 146740 kB |
||||
|
Cached: 1294156 kB |
||||
|
SwapCached: 0 kB |
||||
|
Active: 967184 kB |
||||
|
Inactive: 606252 kB |
||||
|
Active(anon): 135620 kB |
||||
|
Inactive(anon): 85064 kB |
||||
|
Active(file): 831564 kB |
||||
|
Inactive(file): 521188 kB |
||||
|
Unevictable: 3652 kB |
||||
|
Mlocked: 3652 kB |
||||
|
SwapTotal: 0 kB |
||||
|
SwapFree: 0 kB |
||||
|
Dirty: 68 kB |
||||
|
Writeback: 0 kB |
||||
|
AnonPages: 136188 kB |
||||
|
Mapped: 113344 kB |
||||
|
Shmem: 85724 kB |
||||
|
Slab: 340236 kB |
||||
|
SReclaimable: 302048 kB |
||||
|
SUnreclaim: 38188 kB |
||||
|
KernelStack: 3792 kB |
||||
|
PageTables: 4888 kB |
||||
|
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB |
||||
|
Bounce: 0 kB |
||||
|
WritebackTmp: 0 kB |
||||
|
CommitLimit: 4087164 kB |
||||
|
Committed_AS: 901432 kB |
||||
|
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB |
||||
|
VmallocUsed: 0 kB |
||||
|
VmallocChunk: 0 kB |
||||
|
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB |
||||
|
AnonHugePages: 51200 kB |
||||
|
CmaTotal: 0 kB |
||||
|
CmaFree: 0 kB |
||||
|
|
||||
|
...</code></pre> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
||||
|
<caption class="title">Table 1. Main entries in /proc</caption> |
||||
|
<colgroup> |
||||
|
<col style="width: 50%;"> |
||||
|
<col style="width: 50%;"> |
||||
|
</colgroup> |
||||
|
<thead> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">File</th> |
||||
|
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Content</th> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
</thead> |
||||
|
<tbody> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/cmdline</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Kernel command line information.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/console</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Information about current consoles including tty.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/crypto</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- a list of available cryptographic modules</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/devices</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Device drivers currently configured for the running kernel.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/diskstats</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- giving some information (including device numbers) for each of the logical disk devices</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/dma</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Info about current DMA channels.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/fb</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Framebuffer devices.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/filesystems</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Current filesystems supported by the kernel.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/interrupts, /proc/iomem, /proc/ioports and the directory /proc/irq</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- giving some self-explanatory details about the devices (physical or logical) using the various system resources</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/iomem</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Current system memory map for devices.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/ioports</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Registered port regions for input output communication with device.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/loadavg</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– System load average.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/locks</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Files currently locked by kernel.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/meminfo</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Info about system memory (see above example).</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/misc</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Miscellaneous drivers registered for miscellaneous major device.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/modules</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- one of the most important files in /proc, containing a list of the kernel modules currently loaded . It gives some indication (not always entirely correct) of dependencies.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/mounts</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– List of all mounts in use by system.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/mounts</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- a symlink to self/mounts which contains a list of the currently mounted devices and their mount points (and which file system is in use and what mount options are in use).</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/net</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- a directory containing useful information about the network stack, in particular /proc/net/nf_conntrack, which lists existing network connections (particularly useful for tracking routing when iptables FORWARD is used to redirect network connections)</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/partitions</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Detailed info about partitions available to the system.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/pci</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Information about every PCI device.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/stat</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Record or various statistics kept from last reboot.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/swap</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Information about swap space.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/scsi</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- giving information about any devices connected via a SCSI or RAID controller</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/sysvipc</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- containing memory-sharing and inter-process communication (IPC) information.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/tty</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">- containing information about the current terminals; /proc/tty/driver looks to be[original research?] a list of the different types of tty available - each of which is a list of those of each type</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/uptime</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Uptime information (in seconds).</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
</tbody> |
||||
|
<tfoot> |
||||
|
<tr> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">/proc/version</p></td> |
||||
|
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">– Kernel version, gcc version, and Linux distribution installed.</p></td> |
||||
|
</tr> |
||||
|
</tfoot> |
||||
|
</table> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<div class="sect1"> |
||||
|
<h2 id="_cpu_info">2. cpu info</h2> |
||||
|
<div class="sectionbody"> |
||||
|
<div class="listingblock"> |
||||
|
<div class="content"> |
||||
|
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-bash hljs" data-lang="bash">cat /proc/cpuinfo |
||||
|
|
||||
|
processor : 0 |
||||
|
vendor_id : AuthenticAMD |
||||
|
cpu family : 16 |
||||
|
model : 6 |
||||
|
model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor |
||||
|
stepping : 3 |
||||
|
microcode : 0x10000c8 |
||||
|
cpu MHz : 2000.000 |
||||
|
cache size : 1024 KB |
||||
|
... |
||||
|
processor : 1 |
||||
|
vendor_id : AuthenticAMD |
||||
|
cpu family : 16 |
||||
|
model : 6 |
||||
|
model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor |
||||
|
stepping : 3 |
||||
|
microcode : 0x10000c8 |
||||
|
cpu MHz : 800.000 |
||||
|
cache size : 1024 KB</code></pre> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.18.3/highlight.min.js"></script> |
||||
|
<script> |
||||
|
if (!hljs.initHighlighting.called) { |
||||
|
hljs.initHighlighting.called = true |
||||
|
;[].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('pre.highlight > code')).forEach(function (el) { hljs.highlightBlock(el) }) |
||||
|
} |
||||
|
</script> |
||||
|
</body> |
||||
|
</html> |
Loading…
Reference in new issue