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349 lines
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349 lines
12 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="Intro and Install">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Linux, apt">
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<meta name="author" content="Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io">
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<title>An Introduction to Linux !</title>
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<body class="article toc2 toc-right">
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<div id="header">
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<h1>An Introduction to Linux !</h1>
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<div class="details">
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<span id="author" class="author">Apostolos rootApostolos@swarmlab.io</span><br>
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</div>
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<div id="toc" class="toc2">
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<div id="toctitle">Table of contents</div>
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<ul class="sectlevel1">
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<li><a href="#_absolute_basics">1. Absolute basics</a>
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<ul class="sectlevel2">
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<li><a href="#_key_combinations">1.1. Key combinations</a></li>
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<li><a href="#_ls_l">1.2. ls -l</a>
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<ul class="sectlevel3">
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<li><a href="#_file_types">1.2.1. File types</a></li>
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<li><a href="#_access_rights">1.2.2. Access rights</a></li>
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<li><a href="#_user_group_codes">1.2.3. User group codes</a></li>
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<li><a href="#_exercises">1.2.4. Exercises</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div class="sect1">
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<h2 id="_absolute_basics">1. Absolute basics</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
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<caption class="title">Table 1. Absolute basics</caption>
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 50%;">
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<col style="width: 50%;">
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Command</th>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">ls</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Displays a list of files in the current working directory.</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">cd directory</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">change directories</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">passwd</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">change the password for the current user</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">file filename</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">display file type of file with name filename</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">cat textfile</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">throws content of textfile on the screen</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">pwd</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">display present working directory</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">exit or logout</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">leave this session</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tfoot>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">man command</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">read man pages on command</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tfoot>
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</table>
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<div class="sect2">
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<h3 id="_key_combinations">1.1. Key combinations</h3>
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<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
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<caption class="title">Table 2. Key combinations</caption>
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 50%;">
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<col style="width: 50%;">
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Key or key combination</th>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Function</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Ctrl+C</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">End a running program and return the prompt</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Ctrl+Z</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Suspend a program</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">ArrowUp and ArrowDown</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Browse history. Go to the line that you want to repeat, edit details if necessary, and press Enter to save time.</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Tab</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Command or filename completion; when multiple choices are possible, the system will either signal with an audio or visual bell, or, if too many choices are possible, ask you if you want to see them all.</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Tab Tab</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Shows file or command completion possibilities.</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tfoot>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Shift+PageUp and Shift+PageDown</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Browse terminal buffer (to see text that has "scrolled off" the screen).</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tfoot>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="sect2">
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<h3 id="_ls_l">1.2. ls -l</h3>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-bash hljs" data-lang="bash"># ls -al
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drwxrwxr-x 4 zeus zeus 4096 Οκτ 23 21:55 .
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drwxrwxr-x 9 zeus zeus 4096 Οκτ 15 14:28 ..
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drwxrwxr-x 8 zeus zeus 4096 Οκτ 23 21:55 .git
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drwxrwxr-x 4 zeus zeus 4096 Οκτ 14 20:24 install
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crw------- 1 root root 5, 1 Οκτ 23 21:22 console
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Οκτ 23 21:21 core -> /proc/kcore
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drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 100 Οκτ 23 21:22 cpu
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crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 Οκτ 23 21:21 cpu_dma_latency
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crw------- 1 root root 10, 203 Οκτ 23 21:21 cuse
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 zeus zeus 1517 Οκτ 23 21:55 INSTALL.md
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 zeus zeus 33883 Οκτ 15 14:28 LICENSE
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 zeus zeus 691 Οκτ 17 11:13 README.md</code></pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sect3">
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<h4 id="_file_types">1.2.1. File types</h4>
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>This table gives an overview of the characters determining the file type:</p>
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</div>
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<div class="admonitionblock note">
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="icon">
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<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
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</td>
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<td class="content">
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<strong>d</strong>rwxrwxr-x 4 zeus zeus 4096 Οκτ 14 20:24 install
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
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<caption class="title">Table 3. File types in a long list</caption>
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 50%;">
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<col style="width: 50%;">
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Symbol</th>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">-</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Regular file</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">d</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Directory</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">l</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Link</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">c</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Special file</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">s</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Socket</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">p</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Named pipe</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tfoot>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">b</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Block device</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tfoot>
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</table>
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<div class="admonitionblock note">
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="icon">
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<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
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</td>
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<td class="content">
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-<strong>rw-</strong>rw-r-- 1 zeus zeus 1517 Οκτ 23 21:55 INSTALL.md
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sect3">
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<h4 id="_access_rights">1.2.2. Access rights</h4>
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<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
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<caption class="title">Table 4. Access rights</caption>
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 50%;">
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<col style="width: 50%;">
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Code</th>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">0 or -</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">The access right that is supposed to be on this place is not granted.</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">4 or</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">read access is granted to the user category defined in this place</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2 or</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">write permission is granted to the user category defined in this place</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tfoot>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1 or</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">execute permission is granted to the user category defined in this place</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tfoot>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="sect3">
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<h4 id="_user_group_codes">1.2.3. User group codes</h4>
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<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
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<caption class="title">Table 5. User group codes</caption>
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
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<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
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<col style="width: 33.3334%;">
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Code</th>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th>
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">u</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">user permissions</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">-<strong>rw-</strong>rw-r--</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">g</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">group permissions</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">-rw-<strong>rw-</strong>r--</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tfoot>
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<tr>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">o</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">permissions for others</p></td>
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<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">-rw-rw-<strong>rw-</strong></p></td>
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</tr>
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</tfoot>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="sect3">
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<h4 id="_exercises">1.2.4. Exercises</h4>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-bash hljs" data-lang="bash">touch example
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chmod 400 example
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ls -l example
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chmod 500 example
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ls -l example
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chmod 600 example
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ls -l example
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chmod 644 example
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ls -l example
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chmod 660 example
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ls -l example
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chmod 700 example
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ls -l example
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chmod 755 example
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ls -l example
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chmod 775 example
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ls -l example
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ls -l example
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chmod 777 example
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ls -l example</code></pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p><br>
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<br>
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</p>
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</div>
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